Application of Whale Optimization Algorithm Based FOPI Controllers for STATCOM and UPQC to Mitigate Harmonics and Voltage Instability in Modern Distribution Power Grids

In recent modern power systems, the number of renewable energy systems (RESs) and nonlinear loads have become more prevalent. When these are connected to electricity grid, they may face new difficulties issues such as harmonics non-standard voltage. The proposed study suggests application a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based on fractional-order proportional-integral controller (FOPIC) for unified quality conditioner (UPQC) STATCOM tools. These operate best with help their improved control system, increase system’s reliability fast dynamic response, decrease total harmonic distortion (THD) enhancing (PQ). this article, three different configurations studied assessed, namely: (C1) WOA-based FOPIC UPQC, (C2) STATCOM, (C3) system without FACTS, i.e., base case, mitigate mentioned drawbacks. C3 is also considered case highlight main benefits C1 C2 in improving PQ by reducing %THD voltage current systems’ waveforms. With C2, fluctuation decreased 98%, but it nearly disappears during normal conditions. Additionally, fault period, reduced 95% 100% C1, respectively. Furthermore, when comparing under regular conditions, percentage reduction THD remarkable. addition, eliminates need sag, detectors, helps streamline approach boost precision. modeling simulation prepared performed MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, can be concluded that acquired results very interesting helpful recovery steady state wind loads, thereby increasing grid connection capabilities.